OG 10 : VR : 205 : The peaks of a mountain range ...

The peaks of a mountain range, acting like rocks in a streambed, produce ripples in the air flowing over them; the resulting flow pattern, with crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are known as "standing waves." 

(A) crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are 
(B) crests and troughs that remain stationary although they are formed by rapidly moving air, are 
(C) crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, is 
(D) stationary crests and troughs although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are 
(E) stationary crests and troughs although they are formed by rapidly moving air, is

For E,

....,[PP]with stationary crests and troughs [DC]although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, ....

OG> incorrectly introduces a dependent

adverbial although clause into a prepositional phrase

(with crests ...)

For C,

...,....,with [IC]crests and troughs that remain stationary [DC]although the air that forms them is moving rapidly,....

OG>correctly puts the although clause inside the predicate

of the relative clause (that... rapidly)

OG 10 : VR : 155 : Federal authorities involved ...

Federal authorities involved in the investigation

have found the local witnesses are difficult to locate,

reti cent. and are suspicious of strangers.

A) the local witnesses are difficult to locate, reticent,

and are

B )local witnesses to be difficult to locate, reticent,

and are

A and B convert the third element into

a second, coordinate predicate for the object clause by

repeating the verb are.

C )that local witnesses are difficult to locate, reticent,

and = OK

D )local witnesses are difficult to locate and reticent,

and they are

E) that local witnesses are difficult to locate and

reticent, and they are

D and E convert the third element

into a second, coordinate object clause by introducing the

words they are.

The "local witnesses are difficult to locate,

reti cent. and are suspicious of strangers" is a clause and must be

introduced by a relative pronoun "that".

OG 10 : VR : 135 : Hispanic theater company

Intar, the oldest Hispanic theater company in New

York, has moved away from the Spanish classics and

now it draws on the works both of contemporary

Hispanic authors who live abroad and of those in the

United States.

The above is a run-on sentence :

it intrudes between the halves of the

compound verb has moved... and [now] draws to introduce

a new grammatical subject, thereby creating a run-on

sentence:

the inclusion of it requires a comma after classics to set off

the new independent clause.

===>

Intar, the oldest Hispanic theater company in New

York, has moved away from the Spanish classics [IC] and,

now it draws on the works both of contemporary

Hispanic authors who live abroad and of those in the

United States.[IC]

OG 10 : VR : 109 : Legislation in the Canadian province ...

Legislation in the Canadian province of Ontario requires of both public and private employers that pay be the same for jobs historically held by women as for jobs requiring comparable skill that are usually held by men.

(C) to pay the same in jobs historically held by women as in jobs of comparable skill that are 

After "requires of employers" we have to have a "that"... (if we had "require employers" we could use a "to"). 

OGVR : VR : 97 : Iguanas have been an important food ...

Iguanas have been an important food source in
Latin America since prehistoric times, and it is
still prized as a game animal by the campcsinos,
who typically cook the meat in a heavily spiced
stew.
[E] being still prized as a game animal

The sentence logical structure is
IC,and IC,modifier.

In oprtion E , staring the sentence with being .....
the sentense is changed to PP and then next IC
becomes who .... spiced stew. This is not what the
sentence is suppose to mean.

OG 10 : VR :92 : Never before had taxpayers ...

Never before had taxpayers confronted so many
changes at once as they had in the Tax Reform Act
of 1986.
C) at once as many changes that there were with

Option C , incorrectly places adverb at-once in between
transitive verb ( confronted ) and its direct object (changes).

Explanation Link

OGVR : VR : 107 : The physical structure ...

The physical structure of the human eye enables it to sense light of wavelengths up to 0.0005millimeters;however, infrared radiation has a wavelength of 0.1 millimeters that is too long for the eye to register, thus making it invisible

The restrictive clause with THAT means there are some 0.1 mm wavelengths which are also visible

to eyes - NOK logically.

OGVR : VR : 80 : Under a provision ...

Under a provision of the Constitution that was never applied, whereby Congress is required to call a convention to consider possible amendments to the document when formally asked to do so by the legislatures of two-thirds of the states.

=>" whereby" makes a DC. "Under" also makes a DC.

DC,DC - NOK.

OGVR : VR : 28 : Referring to the current hostility ...

Referring to the current hostility toward smoking, smokers frequently expressed anxiety about their prospects for being hired and promoted are being stunted by their habit.

=>"about" cannot be used to introduce a clause , a conjunction as THAT is required.

Referring to the current hostility toward smoking, smokers frequently express anxiety that their 

prospects for being hired and promoted are being stunted by their habit.

OG 11 : VR : 85 :Dirt roads ...

Dirt roads may evoke the bucolic simplicity of another century, but financially strained townships point out that dirt roads cost twice as much to maintain as paved roads do.

to maintain --> relates to both roads in above example. hence - ||

OG 11 : VR : 65 : The only way for growers ...

The only way for growers to salvage frozen citrus is  to have it quickly processed into juice concentrate before warmer weather returns and rots the fruit .

OK:The cause-and-effect relationship is well established between warm weather and rottin using "before" 

The only way for growers to salvage frozen citrus is  to have it quickly processed into juice concentrate before the fruit  rots when warmer weather returns. NOK

OG 11 : VR : 50 : The Olympic Games ...

The Olympic Games helped to keep peace among the pugnacious states of the Greek world in that a sacred truce was proclaimed during the festival’s month.

(A) world in that a sacred truce was proclaimed during the festival’s month

in that = overly formal and out-dated.
(B) world, proclaiming a sacred truce during the festival’s month

Its not clear who would be doing the proclaiming ?
(D) world, for a sacred truce was proclaimed during the month of the festival
OK

OG 11 : VR : 50 : That educators have not anticipated ...

[SC]That educators have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology [MV]can hardly be said [SC]that it is their fault.

The statement has two SC running on each other. The best way to fix this problem is to put in the correct order of IC-DC.

[IC]It can hardly be said [DC]that educators are at fault for not anticipating the impact of microcomputer technology

OG 11 : VR : 43 : Josephine Baker

To Josephine Baker, Paris was her home long before it was fashionable to be an expatriate, and she remained in France during the Second World War as a performer and an intelligence agent for the Resistance

A. To Josephine Baker, Paris was her home long before it was fashionable to be an expatriate
B. For Joshephine baker, long before it was fashionable to be an expatriate, paris was her home
C. Joshephine baker made Paris her home long before to be an expatriate was fashionable expatriate
D. Long before it was fashionable to be an expatriate, Josephine Baker made Paris her home
E. Long before it was fashionable being an expatriate, Paris was home to Josephine Baker

Two sentence have been coordinated with "and" , and the second sentence has a pronoun "she" . The

construction making Josephine subject will be preferred.

In a A and B , her is redundant.

OG 11 : VR : 43 : Five fledgling sea eagles ...

Five fledgling sea eagles left their nests in western Scotland this summer, bringing to 34 the number of wild birds successfully raised since transplants from Norway began in 1975. 

(A) bringing 

(B) and brings 

(C) and it brings 

(D) and it brought 

(E) and brought

Five fledgling sea eagles left their nests in western Scotland this summer, and brings to 34 the ...

Subject of the first verb should be same as the subject of the second verb , so

Five fledgling sea (subject ) eagles left  .... , and brings to 34 the ...

Subject ( sea eagles ) don't match brings.

OG 11 : VR : 29 :Along with the drop in producer prices ...

Along with the drop in producer prices announced yesterday, the strong retail sales figures released today seem like it is indicative that the economy, although growing slowly, 

is not nearing a recession. 

The IDIOM is : seem + infinitive ..... , seem to ...

Also, Subordinate clause that completes the statement should be introduced by a

relative pronoun ( who, which , that ) OR by a  conjunction , but never by a 

preposition ( like etc . )